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13 terms concerning relaying, measurements, and breakers used by protection...
It’s not unusual to see graduates and engineers from other disciplines experience difficulties in properly interpreting the terminology used in applying relays, analyzing their performance, and...
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Guide to erection and commissioning of MV/HV switchgears (Inspection,...
Erection and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear are quite complex and full of tiny little details that can easily make your project slow down or even stop. Not to mention deadlines... Read more The...
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Testing and commissioning of MV/HV switchgears (wiring, final inspection and...
This article continues the series of articles dedicated to erection, testing and commissioning of MV/HV switchgears by describing the most important precautions and recommendations in various...
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Troubleshooting the most typical winding problems of three phase electric motors
It’s always important to identify the real cause of burned windings and not just to replace the electric motor. Motor windings have a different appearance in all these failure situations:... Read more...
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How to measure power quality? What devices should you use and what to measure?
Measuring power quality and finding a bugbear in the network which is messing with the power are considered a highly paid job. Every electrical network and its problems with harmonics,... Read more...
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Learn how to read and analyze control circuits of MV gas insulated switchgear...
Previously, an introductory part of the GIS and its components were discussed to pave the way for the GIS control circuits. Moreover, the single-line diagram example for a double-bus and... Read more...
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Recommendations for the successful erection of medium voltage switchgear
Electrical engineers working on project execution know that switchgear erection brings many challenges, no matter the voltage level. The switchgear cannot always be assembled in the factory and...
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Functional testing of IEC 61850 based Substation Automation Systems
Testing the protection element settings of IEDs and protection schemes are well established practices when testing a Protection, Automation and Control (PAC) system. Tools and methods are available to...
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Troubleshooting Buchholz relay and recommended actions when it operates
This technical article provides guidance on the possible causes of Buchholz relay operation and recommends actions following the receipt of a Buchholz surge trip or gas collection alarm. It covers......
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My worst experience in testing and commissioning power transformers (and how...
Reliable and secure electric power delivery is dependent on power transformers’ reliability that is enhanced significantly by sound test plans. These test plans shall be prepared by both manufacturers...
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